On 29 September 1941, the organised massacre of Ukrainian Jews began.
In the capital Kiev, most of them were taken to a place called Babi Yar, and shot.
Raissa Maistrenko escaped the shooting as a three-year-old girl.
Rabbi Alexander, Dukhovny's mother survived the Holocaust outside the city.
Photo: Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Published on Thursday, 29th September 2011.
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